Er et filsystem bare en gjeng med mapper? (Forklarte filsystemer)

Innholdsfortegnelse:

Er et filsystem bare en gjeng med mapper? (Forklarte filsystemer)
Er et filsystem bare en gjeng med mapper? (Forklarte filsystemer)

Video: Er et filsystem bare en gjeng med mapper? (Forklarte filsystemer)

Video: Er et filsystem bare en gjeng med mapper? (Forklarte filsystemer)
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På overflaten kan operativsystemets filsystem bare se ut som en stor haug med mapper, men det er sikkert mer enn det. Les videre når vi undersøker hva som ligger under overflaten av filsystemet.
På overflaten kan operativsystemets filsystem bare se ut som en stor haug med mapper, men det er sikkert mer enn det. Les videre når vi undersøker hva som ligger under overflaten av filsystemet.

Dagens Spørsmål & Svar-sesjon kommer til oss med høflighet av SuperUser-en underavdeling av Stack Exchange, en fellesskapsdrevet gruppering av Q & A-nettsteder.

Spørsmålet

SuperUser leser P_Q er nysgjerrig på filsystemer, skriver han:

I have used Windows since childhood, and when I hear the phrase “Windows files system” I think of directories (folders) within directories, a folder called SYSTEM, a folder called PROGRAM FILES, etc. Is this what the system is? Just the layout of the folders?

And then I recently started using Linux, and my reference book says in the Linux filesystem everything starts at root and branches off from there. How is that really different from Windows? I mean, it seems the Linux system and the Windows system are just two ways of setting up a directory tree. Is this what file system means?

Er dette enkelt å ta på filsystemet den mest nøyaktige måten å beskrive den på? La oss grave litt dypere.

Svaret

SuperUser-bidragsyter Tom Wijsman tilbyr et innsiktsfullt blikk på strukturen av filsystemer både innenfor Windows og Linux operativsystemer. Han skriver:

Just the layout of the folders?

Sounds too good to be true…

Let’s take the FAT32 file system as an example. I can install Windows XP on it, but I can also use it on a memory card. On a memory card, you don’t have those folders that you sum up.

So… Don’t confuse the directory layout of a family of operating systems with a file system.

Is this what a file system means?

No… It refers to the underlying bits and bytes that make your directory structure work.

The underlying bits and bytes? Show me FAT32!

Let’s look at what FAT32 looks like, it has:

  • Some header sectors in the beginning, like Volume ID and Reserved Sectors
  • Two File Allocation Tables, allowing us to figure out where our files are.
  • Clusters containing all our directory and file data.
  • Some very small unused space that we can’t use.
A FAT table consists of a lot of entries that look like this, allowing us to determine where the directory or file is stored in the clusters space, as well as some attributes and size.
A FAT table consists of a lot of entries that look like this, allowing us to determine where the directory or file is stored in the clusters space, as well as some attributes and size.

A directory entry would point to a list of directory/file entries…

In the clusters space, we can now travel our clusters to find the data we need. A cluster essentially contains data and information where the next fragments are
In the clusters space, we can now travel our clusters to find the data we need. A cluster essentially contains data and information where the next fragments are
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Do other file systems differ? Show me NTFS!

I’m going to show you an image so you can notice the differences, the rest is homework for the reader: More information can be found on this blog archive or Google.

The main idea is that NTFS is a huge improvement over FAT32 that is more robust/efficient. Having a better idea of (un)used space by using a bitmap to further help against fragmentation. And so on…

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What about the file systems on Linux? Show me ext2/3!

The idea is that ext2/ext3 use super blocks and inodes; this allows for soft and hardlinks, directories that are files, files with multiple names and so on. The main gist is abstracting away to allow the file system to be capable of doing more meta-ish stuff…

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For mer lesing på filsystemer, sørg for å sjekke ut følgende How-To Geek-artikler:

  • HTG forklarer: Linux Directory Structure Explained
  • HTG forklarer: Hvilket Linux-filsystem bør du velge?
  • Hvilket filsystem skal jeg bruke for min USB-stasjon?

Har du noe å legge til forklaringen? Lyde av i kommentarene. Vil du lese flere svar fra andre tech-savvy Stack Exchange-brukere? Sjekk ut hele diskusjonstråden her.

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